完善规范运输企业创新活动的组织经济机制

Olena Golovchenko
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摘要

本文探讨了调节运输企业创新活动的组织和经济机制的理论和方法方面,确定了确保企业创新活动的因素组,并检查了加速创新过程的关键因素。事实证明,创新活动是由提供企业竞争优势的两组因素决定的:内部和外部。有效利用反映企业本质特征、区别于竞争对手、决定企业创新能力的内部因素,保证了企业创新活动的开展和管理。系统地分析了决定企业创新活动及其市场地位的外部因素。确定了加速企业实施创新过程的关键因素,其创始因素是国家参与创新过程程度的提高;简化任何创新从开发阶段到投放市场阶段的程序,同时考虑到文化、体制和基础设施的特点;提高市场基础设施建设水平;发展公私伙伴关系的形式;形成区域创新促进格局;完善创新企业税收制度,实行科研开发抵免、退税、创新抵免等制度;改善其他吸引资金的方式。对乌克兰现行立法进行了分析,在此基础上对企业的创新活动进行了监管。根据分析,确定了乌克兰创新活动的优先领域,包括战略和中期领域。事实证明,乌克兰监管创新活动的法律文件的不完善减缓了运输企业创新的引入。本文对经济文献进行的分析证明,没有一种单一的可接受的方法来确定创新活动的有效组织和经济机制。根据创新标准确定交通运输系统创新发展的优先方向并进行论证。论证了国家规制创新活动的必要性,提出了实施国家规制创新活动的途径。提出了完善组织、经济和法律机制以支持和激励运输企业引进创新的途径。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
IMPROVEMENT OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISM FOR REGULATING THE INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES OF TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES
The article explores the theoretical and methodological aspects of the organizational and economic mechanism for regulating the innovation activity of transport enterprises, identifies groups of factors that ensure the innovative activity of an enterprise, and examines the key factors for accelerating the processes of innovation. It has been proved that innovative activity is determined by two groups of factors that provide the competitive advantage of an enterprise: internal and external. The effective use of internal factors that reflect the essential features of the enterprise, distinguish it from competitors and determine its innovative ability, ensures the establishment and management of innovative activities for the enterprise. Systematized external factors that determine the innovative activity of the enterprise, and its market position. The key factors for accelerating the processes of implementing innovations at the enterprise are identified, the founders of which are the increase in the degree of state participation in innovative processes; simplification of the procedure for passing any innovation from the development stage to the stage of its launch on the market, taking into account cultural, institutional and infrastructural features; increasing the level of market infrastructure development; development of forms of public-private partnership; formation of a regional structure for promoting innovations; improvement of the system of taxation of enterprises engaged in innovation through the use of a system of tax credits for scientific research and development, the use of tax rebates and innovative tax credits; improvement of other ways of attracting capital. The analysis of the current legislation in Ukraine, on the basis of which the innovative activity of enterprises is regulated, is carried out. Based on the analysis, the priority areas of innovation activity in Ukraine, consisting of strategic and medium-term ones, are identified. It is substantiated that the imperfection of legal documents regulating innovation activity in Ukraine slows down the introduction of innovations by transport enterprises. The analysis of economic literature carried out in the article proves the absence of a single acceptable approach for determining an effective organizational and economic mechanism for innovation activity. The priority directions of the innovative development of the transport system are determined and justified according to the criteria of innovation. The necessity is proved and the ways of implementation of the state regulation of innovation activity are proposed. The ways of improving the organizational, economic and legal mechanisms to support and stimulate the introduction of innovations in transport enterprises are proposed.
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