更具包容性人群的机动车辆碰撞测试规则

Hannah E. Frye, Da-Som Ko, E. Kotnik
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引用次数: 1

摘要

男性和女性司机在机动车碰撞死亡和受伤方面存在明显差异。在类似的交通事故中,女司机的死亡率比男司机高13%。然而,在评估安全结果时,车辆安全测试实践并没有考虑到不同的车身比例。车辆碰撞测试标准只要求测试两种成人尺寸的碰撞测试假人:第50百分位男性和第5百分位女性。汽车公司不需要测试碰撞测试模型的安全结果代表平均女性比例或非平均身体尺寸和生理组成。目前的碰撞测试标准是由美国交通部下属的国家公路交通安全管理局(NHTSA)制定的。该备忘录建议NHTSA和交通部采取三项行动来解决车辆安全结果的差异:1)更新安全标准要求,包括第50百分位的女性碰撞测试假人;2)实施联邦税收激励计划,鼓励公司包括更多样化的车辆乘员模型;3)为虚拟碰撞测试模型的研究和开发拨款。这些提议的举措旨在提高最低安全要求,并优先考虑更广泛的车辆乘员代表,以提高车辆安全结果的公平性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Motor Vehicle Crash Testing Regulations for More Inclusive Populations
There is a stark disparity in motor vehicle crash deaths and injuries between male and female drivers. Female drivers are 13% more likely to be killed than their male counterparts in similar motor accidents. However, vehicle safety test practices do not account for diverse body proportions when assessing safety outcomes. Vehicle crash testing standards only require testing of two variations of adult-sized crash test dummies: a 50th percentile male and a 5th percentile female. Automotive companies are not required to test safety outcomes in crash test model’s representative of average female proportions or of non-average body sizes and physiological compositions. Current crash test standards are regulated by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) under the US Department of Transportation. This memo proposes three actions for the NHTSA and the Department of Transportation to address disparities in vehicle safety outcomes: 1) update safety standard requirements to include a 50th percentile female crash test dummy, 2) implement a federal tax incentive program for companies to include a greater diversity of vehicle occupant models, and 3) allocate funds for research and development of virtual crash testing models. These proposed initiatives seek to raise the minimum safety requirements and prioritize wider representation of vehicle occupants to improve parity in vehicle safety outcomes.
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