Uterine Leiomyomata as a Cause of Abdominal Compartment Syndrome in the Postpartum Period

Objective: To describe a case of uterine leiomyomata as a cause of abdominal compartment syndrome in the postpartum period. Study Design: Case report, short communication Results: n/a Conclusion: Uterine leiomyomas are common benign smooth muscle tumors that often occur during the reproductive years. Although many cases may not result in significant complications, negative pregnancy outcomes have been associated with the size and location of the fibroids. Degeneration of fibroids can occur as early as the late first trimester when they undergo significant volumetric growth, contributing to pain during pregnancy. While myomectomy is typically avoided during pregnancy, conservative management with anti-inflammatory medications may be effective. Surgical removal or preterm delivery may be necessary if symptoms persist. Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is a rare condition characterized by sustained elevated intraabdominal pressure leading to organ failure. Although ACS resulting from large-volume leiomyomas in the postpartum period has not been previously described, we present a case of a 25-year-old patient with massive uterine fibroids who required indicated preterm delivery via primary Cesarean section at 25-weeks gestation. Her postpartum course was complicated by ACS, requiring emergent surgical decompression. When large fibroid burden is present during pregnancy or in the postpartum period, ACS should be considered.