Verifiable Edge Computing for Indoor Positioning

Edge computing has been widely adopted in many systems, thanks for its advantages to offer low latency and alleviate heavy request loads from end users. Its integration with indoor positioning is one of promising research topics. Different from a traditional positioning system where a user normally query remotely deployed positioning services provided by a Location Information Service Provider (LIS), LIS will outsource its service to an edge device, and the user can obtain the service by directly accessing the edge device in an edge computing-based system. Though the benefits from edge computing, there is still some open issues for service outsourcing. One of them is how to ensure that the outsourced service is executed honestly by the edge device. However, the current literature has not yet seriously studied this issue with a feasible solution. In this paper, we design a verification scheme to solve this open problem for indoor positioning based on edge computing. By injecting some specially designed dataset into a trained machine learning based positioning model, the functionality of outsourced model on edge devices can be verified through this dataset with regard to its prediction accuracy from outsourced model. The verification is successful only when the prediction accuracy can pass a threshold. In experiments, we provide extensive empirical evidence using state-of-the-art positioning models based on real-world datasets to prove the effectiveness of our proposed scheme and meanwhile investigate the effects caused by different factors.