乌克兰左岸森林草原防风林的现状

V. Maliuha, O. Sovakov, Sergii Dudarets
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摘要

这项研究的相关性在于需要确定作为特定区域森林-农业景观组成部分的防风林的现状。这项研究的目的是对防风林进行全面评估。在研究期间,利用卫星图像对地球进行遥感,从而确定场地参数、防风林系统的位置及其特征。森林清查工作是使用普遍接受的森林测量方法进行的,并专门针对防风林进行了调整。根据健康树木占总数的百分比确定防风林的质量等级,并根据已建立的类别计算卫生状况指数。对所得数据的分析清楚地表明,普通橡树的质量顺序从9个单位下降到3个单位。防风林采用橡树巢种植的方法,橡树巢间距为5.0×3.0 m,防风林总宽度为15.0 m。在宽5米的小巷中引入了另外两行伴生树,并在巢行中添加了伴生树和灌木物种。对防风林特性的分析表明,防风林的防护高度在19.6 ~ 23.4 m之间,对相邻农田具有可靠的防护作用。根据防风林的有效保护作用范围,可以注意到,计算指标提供的保护可靠安全裕度高达17%。如果将来需要使用巢式种植方法来创造新的防风林,建议采用一种更有效的方案,即在外行种植伴生树种,以防止内行的树冠向田地蔓延。根据获得的调查结果,可以根据以下标准对防风林的状况进行全面的专家评估:林业和库存参数、改善特性和卫生条件指数
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The current state of windbreaks of the Left Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine
The relevance of the study is related to the need to determine the current state of windbreaks as a component of the forest-agrarian landscape of a particular region. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comprehensive assessment of windbreaks. During the study, data from remote sensing of the Earth using satellite imagery was utilised, which allowed for determining field parameters, the placement of the windbreak system, and their characteristics. Forest inventory works were conducted using commonly accepted methods in forest mensuration, with adjustments made specifically for windbreaks. The quality class of windbreaks was determined based on the percentage of healthy trees out of the total number, and the sanitary condition index was calculated according to established categories. The analysis of the obtained data clearly shows a decline in the quality sequence of common oak from 9 to 3 units within the plantations. The windbreaks were created using the method of oak nest planting, with oak nests placed at a spacing of 5.0×3.0 m and a total windbreak width of 15.0 m. Two additional rows of companion trees were introduced in the wide 5-metre alleys, and companion and shrub species were added within the nest rows. The analysis of the characteristics of windbreaks showed that they have protective heights ranging from 19.6 m to 23.4 m and provide reliable protection for adjacent agricultural fields. Based on the range of effective protective effects of windbreaks, it can be noted that the calculated indicators provide protection with a reliable safety margin of up to 17%. If there is a need to create new windbreaks using the nest planting method in the future, a more efficient scheme is proposed, which involves placing companion tree species in the outer rows to prevent the crowns of the inner rows from spreading towards the field. As a result of the obtained findings, it became possible to conduct a comprehensive expert assessment of the state of windbreaks according to the following criteria: forestry and inventory parameters, meliorative properties, and the sanitary condition index
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