The Kinematic Factors of Physical Motions During Air Pistol Shooting

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinematic factors of motion during air pistolshooting.Method: This study aimed to investigate changes in forces during movement and determine the factorsthat affect changes in force during the first, middle, and last periods of shooting an air pistol. Two groundreaction force systems (force platform), SCATT (a shooting training system), and EMG (electromyogram)to measure the action potentials in the muscles of the upper body were used in this study. Four universityair pistol players (age: 19.75 years, height: 175.50 cm, body mass: 69.55±11.50 kg, career length: 6.25±6years) who are training to progress to a higher rank were enrolled.Results: In terms of the actual shooting results, the mean score in the middle section was 42.48±1.74points, higher than those in the first and the last periods when using SCATT. The gunpoint moved 13.48mm more vertically than horizontally in the target trajectory. With respect to action potentials of musclesmeasured using EMG, the highest action potentials during the aiming-shooting segments, in order higherto lower, were seen in the trapezius (intermediate region), trapezius (superior region), deltoid (lateral), andtriceps brachii (long head). The action potentials of biceps brachii and brachioradialis turned out to be highduring grasping motion, which is a preparatory stage. During the final segment, muscle fatigue appearedin the deltoid (lateral), biceps brachii (long head), brachioradialis, and trapezius (intermediate region). Interms of the ground reaction force, during the first period of shooting, there was a major change in theoverall direction (left-right Fx, forward-backward Fy, vertical Fz) of the center of the mass.Conclusion: The development and application of a training program focusing on muscle groups withhigher muscle fatigue is required for players to progress to a higher rank. Furthermore, players can improvetheir records in the first period if they take part in a game after warming up sufficiently before shooting inorder to heighten muscle action potentials, and are expected to maintain a consistent shooting motioncontinuously by restoring psychological stability.