墨涅劳斯和海伦的崇拜

Anna R. Stelow
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摘要

本章研究墨涅劳斯和海伦在特拉芬的崇拜。从公元前7世纪开始,一项“幸福一致”的证据表明,墨涅劳斯和海伦在古代被称为“Therapne”的地方受到尊敬。事实上,从古代早期到这个时代的末期,作家们都证明了墨涅劳斯和/或墨涅劳斯和海伦的神殿存在于与现代斯巴达隔着欧罗巴塔斯河的山上。这个遗址包括一个古老的神殿,建在迈锡尼遗址的旁边和上面,英国学派在20世纪早期和后期对它进行了充分的研究。此外,铭文上的证据与古代的证词相吻合,表明墨涅劳斯和海伦是在古代已知的墨涅劳斯神庙被崇拜的。对海伦和墨涅劳斯的奉献可以追溯到公元前七世纪和六世纪,是希腊最早报道的荷马英雄崇拜的碑文证据之一。人们经常讨论墨涅莱翁神庙的古代崇拜,一方面是对英雄崇拜本身的研究,另一方面是对早期希腊崇拜如何与史诗的扩散相交叉的问题的讨论。
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The Cult of Menelaus and Helen at Therapne
This chapter studies the cult of Menelaus and Helen at Therapne. A ‘happy congruence’ of evidence, from the seventh century BC onward, indicates that Menelaus and Helen were honoured at a place known in antiquity as Therapne. Indeed, authors from the early archaic period through the end of the era attest to the presence of a shrine to Menelaus and/or Menelaus and Helen on the hills across the Eurotas River from modern Sparta. The site, comprising an archaic shrine built next to and atop an extensive Mycenaean site, was well-studied by the British School early and late in the twentieth century. Moreover, inscriptional evidence corresponds with the ancient testimonia to indicate that Menelaus and Helen were worshiped at the place already known in antiquity as the Menelaion. Dedications to Helen and Menelaus dated to the seventh and sixth centuries BC are among the earliest reported inscriptional evidence for the worship of any Homeric hero in Greece. The archaic cult at the Menelaion is frequently discussed both for the study of hero cult in itself and for the question as to how early Greek cult did intersect with the proliferation of epic poetry.
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