创业活动主要阶段的性别差异特征评估

I. Pinkovetskaia
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摘要

这篇文章专门讨论男女创业活动中存在的差异这一实际问题。这项研究的目的是评估现代国民经济中妇女和男子参与商业活动的目前水平。这项研究解决了确定表征创业初期阶段、稳定创业以及企业家退出其企业的各项指标的价值等问题。作为起点,该研究使用了在实施全球创业监测项目期间在59个国家进行的调查结果。在工作过程中,审议了确定开办和稳定的企业精神等阶段特征的9个指标的评估以及这一活动的结束。该研究开发的函数显示了59个国家的指标分布情况,这些指标描述了创业三个主要阶段的男女比例。此外,还评估了这三个阶段的性别差异。结果显示,在大多数国家,创业活动的指标之间存在性别差距,即妇女参与创业活动的程度低于男子。比较俄罗斯和其他国家的指标值表明,与其他国家相比,我国妇女和男子对创业事业的兴趣都较低。所得结果新颖新颖。它们对政府和企业家具有理论和实践意义。本文提出的评估创业性别差异的方法学方法可用于进一步的研究。获得的新知识是有趣的,可以在大学的教育过程中使用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Assessment of Gender Differences Characteristic of the Main Stages of Entrepreneurial Activity
The article is devoted to the actual problem of the existing differences in the entrepreneurial activity of women and men. The aim of the study is to assess the current levels of participation of women and men in business activities in modern national economies. The study solved the problems of determining the values of indicators that characterize the initial stage of entrepreneurship, stabile entrepreneurship, as well as the exit of entrepreneurs from their businesses. As a starting point, the study used the results of surveys conducted in 59 countries during the implementation of the Global entrepreneurship monitoring project. In the course of the work, the assessment of nine indicators characterizing such stages as start- up and stabile entrepreneurship, as well as the termination of this activity, was considered. The study developed functions that show the distribution of indicators across 59 countries that describe the proportion of women and men in the three main stages of entrepreneurship. In addition, gender differences in these three stages were assessed. The results showed that in most countries there is a gender gap between the indicators of entrepreneurial activity, that is, women participate in it to a lesser extent than men. Comparing the values of indicators for Russia and foreign countries showed that both women and men in our country are less interested in an entrepreneurial career in contrast to other countries. The results obtained are new and original. They have theoretical and practical implications for governments and entrepreneurs. The methodological approach to assessing gender differences in entrepreneurship presented in the article can be used in further research. The new knowledge gained is of interest and can be used in the educational process at universities.
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