Examination of the factors and psychological structure that lead individuals to undertake disaster risk reduction behaviors in Japan: A literature review

Aim: The purpose of this paper was to examine, based on the literature, the factors and psychological structures that lead individuals to undertake active disaster risk reduction (DRR) behavior and propose a conceptual framework for DRR behavior. Methods: In the literature review, first the concepts affecting DRR behavior were reviewed in the nursing field in Japan and the definition and content of “Wagakoto-awareness” was examined. Next, theories were reviewed to explore the structure leading to DRR behavior. Finally, a conceptual framework for DRR behavior was developed using information gained from the literature review. Results: Based on a literature review, a conceptual framework was developed to show what phases lead to individuals undertaking DRR behavior. This framework consists of the following four phases, provided in the order that they happen: (1) acquisition of DRR knowledge; (2) recognition of the importance of DRR behavior; (3) internalization of awareness; and (4) decision to take DRR action. Conclusion: Although a DRR behavior conceptual framework was developed, it is necessary to verify that the four phases of this framework actually influence DRR behavior. This exploration will be presented in a future paper.