Effects of Duct Height and Fire Location on Fire Phenomena of Enclosure with Two Horizontal Vents Installed on Ceiling

The effects of duct height (DH) and fire location (FL) in an enclosure on the mass flow rate and flow pattern of horizontal vent (HV) flow and temperature distribution in the enclosure were investigated through numerical simulations under the condition that two HVs were installed on the ceiling of the enclosure. To evaluate the effect of DH, DHs of HV1 were set to 0.19 m (HV1_DH0.19) and 0.05 m (HV1_DH0.05) under the condition that DH of HV2 was 0.05 m (HV2_DH0.05). The effect of FL was evaluated in three cases where the fire sources were located in the center of the floor (F LC), below HV1 (F L1), and below HV2 (F L2). With respect to the DH effect, the total mass flow rate of the vent flow was slightly higher and temperature was slightly lower in the case of HV1_DH0.19 than that in the case of HV1_DH0.05. However, considering the error bars, the effect of DH in this numerical simulation condition was considered to be insignificant. Furthermore, bidirectional flow patterns appeared in HV1 and HV2 in both DH conditions. Meanwhile, with respect to the FL effect, a bidirectional flow dominated by the mass flow rate of outflow occurred in the HV where the fire source was located, and a unidirectional inflow dominated by the mass flow rate of inflow occurred in the HV where the fire source was not located. The total mass flow rates of FL1 and FL2 conditions were similar, which were higher than those of FLC condition. The temperature was higher in FLC than those in FL1 and FL2. This was due to the small mass flow rate through the HV in the FLC. Meanwhile, an increasing trend of the temperature with the rising measurement height from the floor was observed at most of the temperature measurement points. However, when the fire source was located below HV1 and HV2, as the height from the floor increased, the temperature decreased and the overall temperature was low at the temperature measurement points below the vent where the fire source was not located. This trend was attributed to the occurrence of a strong unidirectional inflow wherein a large volume of low-temperature air flowed into the enclosure from the HV where the fire source was not located.