Modelling a Solar Module and Tracing Maximum Power Point Under Variant Ambient Conditions

This paper proposes the mathematical modelling of a photovoltaic module and works out on techniques for tracking and identifying the Maximum Power Point (MPP) related to a voltage value. The MPP is worked out by using a Perturb and Observe algorithm and then by Ant Colony optimization technique. The simulation is done on MATLAB platform. The simulation outcomes prove better modelling results with lesser error to the values specified on the datasheet and to the results already reported in literature. Ant Colony optimization algorithm discussed in the paper is quite consistent with the metaheuristic techniques and lesser modification is done to the algorithm to suit the current situation as already reported. This algorithm provides faster convergence and a steady output even under adverse situations like change in ambient temperature, change in solar insolation levels and even under partial shading conditions caused due to passing clouds or falling tree branches.