异步电动机起动转矩与转子初始角位置关系的数学模型

V. Hraniak, V. Dudnyk
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引用次数: 0

摘要

最近几十年的趋势是建立在异步电动机基础上的自动化电力驱动的作用越来越大。这与理论方法的发展有关,这些方法允许以高精度对后者的行为进行建模,并且与功率半导体技术的可靠性和成本的显著增加和降低有关,这反过来又使改进操作特性和降低整个系统的成本成为可能。这一趋势的结果是,异步电动机不仅越来越多地用于具有容易启动条件的经典电力驱动系统,而且越来越多地用于传统上以直流电动机为基础实现的牵引电力驱动和大启动力矩的电力驱动。这种情况导致在异步电动机的设计和操作中出现额外的技术困难,这与它们的自然机械特性有关,这些特性稍微低估了起动扭矩的值。虽然这个缺点可以通过在设计电力驱动时增加发动机的动力储备来消除,但这种折衷的解决方案将具有显著的缺点,与效率降低和电力驱动整体成本的增加有关。显然,这种情况决定了需要进一步的理论研究,以改善异步电动机的起动特性。考虑到上面所说的,今天感应电动机仍然是各种活动领域中最常用的电机。此外,异步电动机在工业上的应用份额正在迅速增长,其使用范围也在不断扩大。a .因此,建立起动转矩与转子角位置关系的数学模型,以改善异步电动机的起动转矩特性,是一个迫切需要解决的具有重要实用价值的科学和应用问题。本文得到了异步电动机起动转矩与转子初始位置的关系式,从而可以在考虑异步电动机设计特点的情况下,唯一地计算出在标称电源电压下起动时电机轴上的机械转矩值。得到了AD启动力矩偏差对转子初始转角的数学依赖关系,可作为AD控制系统的校正数学模型。对异步电动机转矩与转子初始位置的关系进行了仿真,从而证实了所得到的数学关系的充分性。结果表明,AD转子在旋转过程中起动转矩的变化符合正弦规律。从理论上证明,转子不同初始角位置的起动转矩偏差可达标称值的±6.5%。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE DEPENDENCE OF THE STARTING TORQUE OF AN ASYNCHRONOUS ELECTRICAL MOTOR ON THE INITIAL ANGULAR POSITION OF THE ROTOR
The current trend of recent decades is the growing role of the automated electric drive built on the basis of asynchronous electric motors. This is connected both with the development of theoretical approaches that allow to model the behavior of the latter with high accuracy, and with a significant increase in reliability and a decrease in the cost of power semiconductor technology, which in turn made it possible to improve operational characteristics and reduce the cost of such systems as a whole. The consequence of this trend is that asynchronous motors are increasingly used not only in classic electric drive systems with easy starting conditions, but also increasingly used in traction electric drives and electric drives with large starting moments, which were traditionally implemented on the basis of direct current motors. This circumstance leads to the appearance of additional technical difficulties in the design and operation of asynchronous electric motors, which is associated with the peculiarities of their natural mechanical characteristics, which have a slightly underestimated value of the starting torque. And although this shortcoming can be eliminated by increasing the power reserve of the engine when designing the electric drive, such a compromise solution will have significant disadvantages associated with a decrease in efficiency and an increase in the cost of the electric drive as a whole. It is obvious that this circumstance determines the need for further theoretical research aimed at improving the starting characteristics of asynchronous motors. Considering what has been said, today the induction motor remains the most common electric machine used in various fields of activity. Moreover, the share of asynchronous motors used in industry is growing rapidly, and the scope of their use is constantly expanding. A. therefore, the development of a mathematical model of the dependence of the starting torque on the angular position of the rotor, which in the future would allow improving the starting characteristics of asynchronous motors, is an urgent scientific and applied problem that has significant practical value. In the article, the equation of the dependence of the starting torque of an asynchronous motor on the initial position of its rotor is obtained, which makes it possible, taking into account the design features of the AD, to uniquely calculate the value of the mechanical torque that occurs on the motor shaft when it is started with the nominal supply voltage. The mathematical dependence of the deviation of the AD starting moment on the initial rotation angle of the rotor was obtained, which can be used as a corrective mathematical model of the AD control system. The simulation of the dependence of the torque of an asynchronous motor on the initial position of its rotor was carried out, which made it possible to confirm the adequacy of the obtained mathematical dependence. It is shown that the change of the starting torque during rotation of the AD rotor occurs according to the sinusoidal law. It is theoretically proven that deviations of the starting torque at different initial angular positions of the rotor can reach ± 6.5% of the nominal value.
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