Strain Management in Perovskite Solar Cells

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) currently hold the record for highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) at an impressive 25.7%. However, the state-of-the-art PCEs still fall below theoretical limits, and the long-term stability remains a critical concern for practical implementation of PSCs. Due to the soft ionic nature of metal halide perovskites, the inevitable strain effect on perovskite films has been found to be a key factor in determining both efficiency and stability. In this review, we summarize the recent advancements on the origins of strain, the characterization methodologies, and the impact of strain on perovskite films, as well as various strategies employed to regulate strain and enhance the intrinsic performance of perovskites and solar cells. Our intention is to facilitate scientists with an exhaustive comprehension of the strain effect, and stimulate research endeavors in strain management aimed at enhancing device performance and commercialization.