对转型期美国农业政策的看法

Jonathan W. Coppess
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引用次数: 0

摘要

农业法案的重新授权将在2023年进行,而第118届国会(2023 - 2024年)的议程将在2022年中期选举中选出。农业法案是美国农业和食品政策的主要立法工具。《农业法案》最后一次重新授权是在2018年的《农业改善法案》中,但自那以后的几年里,有四个项目直接向农民支付款项,但没有得到国会在《农业法案》中的授权,通常被称为特别援助。此外,第117届国会(2021-2022)通过了《减少通货膨胀法》,该法案在数年内向农业保护项目额外投资180亿美元。本文回顾了特别援助和通货膨胀减少法案,并将其与之前的特别援助进行了比较,从历史中吸取了一些教训,并试图衡量非农业法案的努力在多大程度上为美国农业政策的变化或过渡提供了领先的指标或信号。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A view of American farm policy in transition
Reauthorization of the Farm Bill is scheduled for 2023 and the agenda of the 118th Congress (2023–2024) elected in the 2022 midterms. The Farm Bill is the main legislative vehicle for American farm and food policy. The Farm Bill was last reauthorized by the Agricultural Improvement Act of 2018, but the years since that time have featured four programs that made direct payments to farmers but were not authorized by Congress in the Farm Bill, commonly referred to as ad hoc assistance. In addition, the 117th Congress (2021–2022) enacted the Inflation Reduction Act which invested an additional US$18 billion into farm conservation programs over multiple years. This article reviews the ad hoc assistance and Inflation Reduction Act with comparisons to previous instances of ad hoc assistance, applying some lessons from history and seeking to gauge the extent to which the non-farm bill efforts provide leading indicators or signals about changes to, or a transition in, American farm policy.
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