甜菜抗线虫诱捕作物恢复土壤硝酸盐残留量

S. Pandiangan, D. Koch, F. A. Gray, J. Krall
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引用次数: 1

摘要

主要作物收获后残留的土壤硝酸盐,如果不恢复,可能导致环境问题,营养流失,并降低灌溉甜菜(Beta vulgaris L.)轮作效率。甜菜包囊线虫(Heterodera schachtii Schmidt)防治甜菜包囊线虫(SBN)的作物,也称为诱捕作物,被评价为覆盖作物(CC)对土壤硝酸盐恢复的影响。诱捕作物品种油萝卜(Raphanus sativus L. spp. oleifera)和黄芥(Sinapis alba L.)以及冬小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)继上一季冬小麦之后,于1996年8月初和1997年7月底种植。在土壤取样至0.9 m后施用5种氮肥。在活性CC生长停止后的晚秋采集土壤样本。萝卜和芥菜迅速生长并产生高达5至8毫克每1干物质。萝卜和芥菜的地上生物量积累了更多的氮,留下更少的土壤硝酸盐-N残留,特别是在0.6- 0.9 m土壤深度,比冬小麦,该地区的标准覆盖作物。这两种诱捕作物都被冬杀,减少了对除草剂的需求,减少了氮固定的可能性和对后续作物的负面影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Sugarbeet Nematode-Resistant Trap Crops for Recovery of Residual Soil Nitrates
Residual soil nitrates following the main crop harvest, if not recovered, can result in environmental problems, loss of nutrients, and reduced efficiency of irrigated sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) rotations. Sugarbeet nematode (SBN)-resistant crops, also known as trap crops, grown in sugarbeet rotations to control sugarbeet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii Schmidt) were evaluated as cover crops (CC) for soil nitrate recovery. Cultivars of the trap crops, oil radish (Raphanus sativus L. spp. oleifera) and yellow mustard (Sinapis alba L.), as well as winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), were planted in early August 1996 and late July 1997 following a previous crop of winter wheat. Five nitrogen fertilizer rates were applied following soil sampling to 0.9 m. Soil samples were taken in late fall after active CC growth had ceased. Radish and mustard quickly established and produced as much as 5 to 8 Mg dry matter ha -1 . Radish and mustard above-ground biomass accumulated greater amounts of N, leaving less residual soil nitrate-N, particularly at the 0.6- to 0.9-m soil depth, than winter wheat, the standard cover crop in the region. Both trap crops winter-killed, reducing need for herbicide and lessening the likelihood of N immobilization and negative impact on the following crop.
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