Problems with earphone calibration using a manikin.

The response of a single TDH-39 receiver mounted in a MX-41/AR and an Auraldome cushion was measured psychoacoustically and electroacoustically using standard couplers and the Zwislocki coupler mounted in KEMAR (Knowles Electronic Manikin for Acoustic Research). Although the psychoacoustic data were similar for both cushions, electroacoustic responses differed across cushions and across couplers. It was concluded that an accurate method for evaluating circumaural earphones has not yet been developed and the manikin, in its present form, is unsuitable for supra-aural or circumaural earphone calibration.