Case Studies

The chapter offers general introductions to the legal ordering of two fields—national emergency and air pollution. In addition to providing general backgrounds for those analyses, the introductions present initial accounts on the complexity of both bodies of law in two legal systems, thereby offering four glimpses of the ways fuzziness can, and does, develop and flourish in law. These overviews may also be useful to those who study these fields. Commentaries on specified areas of law often tend to direct their attention to a small number of measures—those that could be considered the ‘legislative mandates’ under the ideal-type vision of regulation—but, true to one of the themes of this book, attention should also be cast elsewhere. The overviews presented here span the legal rules directly targeting the regulation of these two fields of government action, originating from customary international law; international law treaties and documents; EU law, as long as applicable; domestic law; and unilateral measures such as orders in council and executive orders.