1990-2020年农业活动温室气体排放及其动态

O. Tymoshchuk, O. Tymoshchuk, B. Matviychuk
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引用次数: 0

摘要

乌克兰作为联合国气候变化框架公约的缔约方,在环境保护领域与国际组织合作,包括确保履行气候变化领域的义务,即在2030年达到温室气体排放水平,超过1990年水平的60%。农业部门对乌克兰温室气体排放总量的贡献很大,1990-2020年期间在9-14%之间波动。在农业方面,考虑了三种温室气体(甲烷、一氧化二氮和二氧化碳)的排放,它们的排放导致两个分支的活动-牲畜和植物生长。牲畜的特点是肠道发酵和粪便管理等过程,这些过程主要伴随着甲烷的排放。决定牲畜温室气体排放动态的关键因素是农业动物的数量和粪便管理系统的类型,该系统用于收集、运输、储存和使用粪便。就温室气体排放而言,最大的贡献来自肠道发酵(主要是牛的肠道发酵),其份额在1990- 2020年期间主要在80-85%的范围内波动,截至2020年,这一比例降至79.3%。植物生长过程中的排放量是由每个过程的具体因素决定的,即:施用于农业土壤的肥料(氮和有机)的量,施用石灰材料的量,作物残茬中的N含量,用于作物种植的有机土壤面积等。这一地区的主要温室气体是一氧化二氮,其排放的动态通常表现为两个方向- -到2003年显著和迅速减少60%以上,随后逐渐增加。不同区域植物生长的发展方向和强度不同,对N2O排放总量的贡献也不同。在1990年和2020年,最大的排放份额来自矿物肥料的氮肥施用和作物残留物的氮肥施用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES AND THEIR DYNAMICS DURING 1990-2020
Ukraine, as a Party of the UN FCCC, cooperates with international organizations in the field of environmental protection, including ensuring the fulfillment of obligations in the field  of  climate change, namely to reach the level of greenhouse  gas emissions  in  2030 in  the  amount of  exceeded 60% of the level of 1990. The agricultural sector has a significant contribution to the total emissions of greenhouse gases in Ukraine, which during 1990-2020 fluctuated between 9-14%. In agriculture, the emissions of three  greenhouse  gases  (methane,  nitrous  oxide  and  carbon  dioxide)  are considered, the emissions of which lead to activity in two branches – livestock and plant growing. Livestock is characterized by such processes as enteric fermentation and manure management, which are accompanied by the emission of mainly methane. The key factors that determine the dynamics of greenhouse gas emissions in livestock are the number of agricultural animals and the type of manure management system, which is used to collect, transport, store and use manure. The largest contribution in terms of greenhouse gas emissions is made by the category of enteric fermentation (mainly enteric fermentation of cattle), the share of which during the 1990- 2020 fluctuated mainly in the range of 80-85%, and as of 2020 it decreased to 79.3%. The amount of emissions in plant growing is determined by factors specific to each process, namely: the amount of fertilizers (nitrogen and organic) applied to agricultural soils, the amount of applied liming materials, the amount of N in crop residues, the area of organic soils for crop planting etc. The main greenhouse gas in this area is  nitrous  oxide,  the  dynamics  of  whose  emission  is generally characterized by two directions – a significant and rapid reduction by  more  than  60%  by 2003 and subsequent gradual growth. The  development of  different  areas  of  plant  growing  takes place in different directions and with different intensity, and therefore have different contributions to the total volume of N2O emissions. The largest share of emissions, both in 1990 and in 2020, comes from N application with mineral fertilizers and N application with crop residues.
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