Introduction: Constructing, Maintaining, and Navigating Boundaries

This section introduction discusses the themes that surface in section three of the book. The four chapters in this section illustrate the tensions that exist between states and traders. States construct boundaries, define the legal tender that should circulate within these boundaries, and level taxes on profits. Traders, in their quest for profits, engage in trade that transcends boundaries, use gold and other illegal forms of tender when it suits them, and strive to avoid taxes. Morality and legality are matters of judgment, but when the state is the judge then citizens have to find ways of coping with the problematic powers of the state. Some ignore it and engage in dangerous cross-border trade, others work profitably within.