Numerical optimization and 3D-printing fabrication concept of high voltage FGM insulator

The application of Functionally Graded Material (FGM) in the solid insulation of high voltage apparatus is discussed. Firstly, the concept of FGM and its effect on electric field (E-field) optimization is introduced. Secondly, optimization of permittivity FGM (e-FGM) insulator is studied. A numerical technique for the optimization of permittivity distribution in e- FGM spacer is proposed and simulated on three typical spacer models, i.e. cone type, disk type and basin type. It is confirmed that the FGM application could significantly improve the E-field distribution. Moreover, the effect of the shrinking coefficient in the algorithm is discussed. Finally, concept of a novel fabrication method for FGM spacers is proposed based on the rapid- developing 3D printing technology. The process and advantage of this `bottom to up' method is discussed.