Smart islanding in smart grids

In recent years, the concept of the micro grid has been developed thanks to various benefits of distributed generators, the major advantages is the improvement in the reliability by supplying load during power, the instability of electric infrastructure due to damage caused by disasters, technical problems or electrical failures may be left some region without electricity for a short or long time, In such instances, Micro Grids needs to be smart and can be able to handle itself autonomously [1]. Therefore, the energy management can play an important role to achieve the self-governing operation of the Smart Micro Grid. The distributed generators can't ensure energy for the area with the same frequency like power plants. But, the problem is to evaluate the outage (categories, time to be reconnected), how identify entities to include in the selection, manage their demand response with the existed resources (stored or local produced...) and the possibility to include other entities to the selection in the emergency case. This paper reviews some of the major challenges of islanding, and we propose a classification of demand by priority, the classification depends also on the typology of the area (industrial zone, city, medical zone...), and if contains some regional resources. In this paper we study a static area isolation that contains some static entities like hospital, factory, green houses, renewable energy, hotel, plug-in vehicles, and storage farm. The objective is to propose a solution as a Dynamic Energy Management (DEM) to perform distributed control on the islanded area and to response to citizen demand (health, work, energy for crucial industrial/hospital machines) during the islanding time, we add a new level of control in the standard smart grid architecture to allow real time exchanging status and data from a different selected entities who demand energy to a regional data center, The regional data center will be a self-decisive system and his role is to manage and control the regional grid to ensure a successful island operation. We analyses decisions marked by Dynamic Energy Management system accorded case and by local parameters. A simulation result show the change of voltage to the DEM.