16世纪洛林的封爵与武器授予控制

Jean-Christophe Blanchard
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引用次数: 0

摘要

从14世纪末开始,巴尔公爵和洛林公爵效仿法国国王,授予他们最热心的仆人爵位。后来,在安茹家族的洛林公爵的统治下,册封的数量增加了。然而,在雷纳二世(1473-1508)、安托万(1508-1544),尤其是查理三世(1545-1608)的统治下,爵位的数量才显著增加。从一开始,这个新的贵族精英就通过不同的纹章组成来区别于原来的贵族。然而,后者在分类学上的作用还不够。从1540年代开始,洛林的君主明确列出了贵族臣民的徽章。Émond杜·博莱,1543年至1550年的先驱,进行了第一次汇编。然而,对旧血统的新一轮抗议以及影响公爵税收的滥用,导致公爵查理三世立法。洛林伯爵院必须登记封爵信。与此同时,传令官迪迪埃·里希耶奉命对贵族展开调查。在洛林大公时期,公国出于自身利益考虑,严格监督贵族的晋升和体现贵族地位的主要标志——盾形纹章的归属。
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Ennoblement and the control of grants of arms in sixteenth-century Lorraine
From the end of the fourteenth century, following the example of the king of France, the dukes of Bar and Lorraine ennobled their most zealous servants. Later, under the dukes of Lorraine of the house of Anjou, the number of ennoblements increased. Yet it was under the reigns of René II (1473-1508), Antoine (1508-1544), and above all Charles III (1545-1608) that the number of ennoblements significantlyrose. From the very start, this new noble elite distinguished itself from the original nobility by means of differently composed coats of arms. Nevertheless, the taxonomic role played by the latter was not enough. From the 1540s onwards, the sovereigns of Lorraine had the arms of ennobled subjects distinctly listed. Émond du Boullay, herald from 1543 to 1550, undertook a first compilation. However, renewed protests of the old lineages as well as abuses affecting ducal taxation, led duke Charles III to legislate. The Chambre des Comptes de Lorraine had to register the letters of ennoblement. In the meantime, the herald Didier Richier was commissioned to initiate an inquiry on nobles. In ducal Lorraine, the princely state, concerned with its own interests, scrupulously monitored the promotion of nobility and the attribution of the main emblem that manifested this status: the coat of arms.
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