Advances in new interfaces for musical expression

Advances in digital audio technologies have led to a situation where computers play a role in most music production and performance. Digital technologies offer unprecedented opportunities for the creation and manipulation of sound. However, the flexibilty of these new technologies implies an often confusing array of choices for musical composers and performers. Some artists have faced this challenge by using computers directly to create music, leading to an explosion of new musical forms. However, most would agree that the computer is not a musical instrument - in the same sense as traditional instruments - and it is natural to ask 'how to play the computer' using interface technology appropriate for human brains and bodies. A decade ago we organized the first workshop on New Interfaces for Musical Expression (NIME) to attempt to answer this question by exploring connections with the established field of human-computer interaction. This course summarizes what has been learned at NIME. We begin with an overview of the theory and practice of new musical interface design, asking what makes a good musical interface and whether there are any useful design principles or guidelines available. We will also discuss topics such as the mapping from human action to musical output, and control intimacy. Practical information about the tools for creating musical interfaces will be given, including an overview of sensors and microcontrollers, audio synthesis techniques, and communication protocols such as Open Sound Control and MIDI. The remainder of the course will consist of several specific case studies representative of the major broad themes of the NIME conference, including augmented and sensor based instruments, mobile and networked music, and NIME pedagogy.