识别架构上重要的非功能需求

Esmael Mohammed, E. Alemneh
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引用次数: 1

摘要

对软件体系结构设计有重要意义的软件需求称为体系结构重要需求(ASR)。如果没有正确识别ASR,那么最终的体系结构就不会很好。设计错误的软件无法达到预期的目标和质量,最终导致软件的彻底失败。由于架构需求背后的复杂行为,即使对于经验丰富的架构师来说,确定正确的需求也是复杂的。过去已有使用机器学习算法识别和分类ASR的报道。然而,他们的工作不包括非功能需求(NFR),它比普通的NFR有更大的影响,而普通的NFR对架构几乎没有影响。NFR的重要性因系统而异。在这项研究中,我们建立了一个机器学习模型,用于从SRS文档中识别实时系统的架构重要非功能需求(ASNFR)。该模型使用了三种机器学习技术:支持向量机(SVM)、朴素贝叶斯(NB)和k近邻(KNN),使用特征提取技术TF-IDF和软件工程预训练的word2vec模型。采用网格搜索交叉验证技术对算法的超参数进行优化。我们准备了自己的数据集,并使用10倍分层交叉验证来评估和比较模型。ASNFR识别模型使用TF-IDF的SVM预测准确率为88%,使用TF-IDF的NB和KNN预测准确率为87%,使用预训练的word2vec的SVM、NB和KNN分别预测准确率为73%、70%和75%。具有TF-IDF的SVM识别ASNFR的效果优于其他SVM。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Identification of Architecturally Significant Non-Functional Requirement
Software requirements which are significant for designing Software architecture are called architecturally significant requirements (ASR). If ASR is not correctly identified, the resulting architecture will not be good. Wrongly designed software can't achieve the desired goal and quality, and this eventually lead to the complete failure of the software. Due to the complex behaviors behind architectural requirements, identifying the correct requirement is complex even for experienced architects. Identification and classification of ASR using machine learning algorithms have been reported in the past. However, their work didn't include Non-functional requirements (NFR) which have more impact than the ordinary NFR that have little effect on the architecture. The significancy of NFR vary from system to system. In this study, we have built a machine learning model for the identification of architecturally significant non-functional requirements (ASNFR) for a real-time system from the SRS document. The proposed model used three machine learning techniques: support vectored machine (SVM), Naive Bayes (NB), and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) using feature extraction techniques TF-IDF and software engineering pre-trained word2vec model. Grid search cross-validation techniques are used to tune the optimal value of hyperparameters of algorithms. We have prepared our own dataset and used 10 fold stratified cross-validation for evaluating and comparing the model. ASNFR identification model predicts 88% accuracy using SVM with TF-IDF and 87% in NB and KNN using TF-IDF and it predicts 73%, 70%, and 75% using SVM, NB, and KNN with pre-trained word2vec respectively. SVM with TF-IDF outperforms the others for the identification of ASNFR.
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