开放科学理念实施背景下的大学制度建设

I. Drach
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文分析了实施开放科学理念的政策和程序,作为大学制度发展的基础。描述了欧洲研究区的关键事件和文件,这些事件和文件决定了开放科学发展的政策和程序。结论是,开放科学代表了一种基于协作的科学过程的新方法,以及通过数字技术和新的协作工具传播知识的新方法。开放科学通过促进知识的可重复性和跨学科性来提高研究的质量和影响;在研究过程中采用开放和联合的方式生产和交换知识和数据;提高研究质量、结果的可靠性和科学对社会需求的敏感性。我们确定开放科学的目标是:数据的开放性;开发欧洲开放科学云作为研究数据基础设施的统一生态系统;制定评估研究质量和影响的新一代指标,以补充普遍接受的指标,以考虑到科学实践的开放性;免费获取所有经同行评审的科学出版物,鼓励各类科学成果的早期交流;科研人员科学生涯评价体系中对科学活动开放性的认识所有欧盟资助的研究符合普遍认可的研究诚信标准;欧洲科学家获得必要的技能和支持,以教授开放科学的程序和实践;公众有机会为欧洲的科学知识生产做出重大贡献。分析了决定高校制度发展方向的开放科学的特点和指标。开放科学的特征包括:数据开放;开放的学术交流;开放获取出版物。开放研究数据的指标是研究数据的存储库;数据共享的资助政策;研究者对数据共享的态度;开放性学术交流的指标——开放性专家反馈期刊开放专家反馈政策;使用替代测量平台;纠正和撤销;开放获取出版物指标-开放获取出版物;预印本;替代出版平台;开放获取资助政策;期刊的开放获取政策;研究者对开放获取的态度。开放科学的目标集中在数据的开放性;欧洲开放科学云作为研究数据基础设施的统一生态系统的发展;制定评估研究质量和影响的新一代指标,补充普遍接受的指标,以考虑到科学实践的开放性;免费获取所有经同行评审的科学出版物,鼓励各类科学成果的早期交流;科研人员科学生涯评价体系中对科学活动开放性的认识所有欧盟资助的研究符合普遍认可的研究诚信标准;欧洲科学家获得必要的技能和支持,以教授开放科学的程序和实践;公众有机会为欧洲的科学知识生产做出重大贡献。分析了欧盟开放科学发展政策的关键条款和前景领域。重点是在国家和欧洲层面支持大学大规模实施开放科学实践的重要性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Institutional development of universities in the context of the implementation of Open Science concept
The article analyses the policy and procedures for implementing Open Science concept as a basis for the institutional development of universities. The key events and documents of the European Research Area, which determine the policies and procedures for the development of Open Science, are described. It is concluded that Open Science represents a new approach to the scientific process, based on collaboration and new ways of disseminating knowledge through digital technologies and new tools for collaboration. Open science enhances the quality and impact of research by promoting reproducibility and interdisciplinarity of knowledge; using the open and joint method of production and exchange of knowledge and data in the research process; improving the quality of research, the reliability of the results and the sensitivity of science to the needs of society. It is determined that the goals of Open Science are: the openness of data; the development of the European Open Science Cloud as a unified ecosystem of research data infrastructures; development of a new generation of indicators for assessing the quality and impact of research, which complement the generally accepted indicators to take into account the openness of scientific practices; free access to all peer-reviewed scientific publications, encouraging an early exchange of various types of scientific results; recognition of openness of scientific activity in systems of evaluation of scientific career of researchers; compliance of all EU-funded research with generally agreed standards of research integrity; European scientists acquire the necessary skills and support to teach Open Science procedures and practices; the opportunity for the general public to make a significant contribution to the production of scientific knowledge in Europe. The characteristics and indicators of Open Science, which determine the directions of institutional development of universities, are analysed. The characteristics of Open Science include open data; open academic communication; open access to publications. Indicators of open research data are repositories of research data; funding policy for data sharing; the researcher's attitude to data sharing; indicators of open academic communication - open expert feedback; the journal's policy on open expert feedback; use of altmetric platforms; correction and revocation; open access to publications indicators - open access publication; preprints; alternative publishing platforms; open access funding policy; the journal's open access policy; the researcher's attitude to open access. The goals of Open Science are focused on the openness of data; the development of European Open Science Cloud as a unified ecosystem of research data infrastructures; development of new generation indicators for assessing the quality and impact of research, which complement the generally accepted indicators to take into account the openness of scientific practices; free access to all peer-reviewed scientific publications, encouragement of early exchange of various types of scientific results; recognition of openness of scientific activity in systems of evaluation of scientific career of researchers; compliance of all EU-funded research with generally agreed standards of research integrity; European scientists acquire the necessary skills and support to teach Open Science procedures and practices; the opportunity for the general public to make a significant contribution to the production of scientific knowledge in Europe. The key provisions and promising areas of EU policy on the development of Open Science are analysed. Emphasis is laid on the importance of supporting universities at the national and European levels for the large-scale implementation of the practice of Open Science.
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