Release and collection method of residual energy for one-dimensional linear-zone internet of things

Energy consumption is one of the most important considerations when designing routing and transmission protocols of sensing networks in internet of things. In order to achieve low and balanced power consumption, an effective method is to refer to the residual energy of nodes. Some existing energy-efficiency routing algorithms are designed according to the residual energy of nodes, but they do not give the way of residual energy collection. In this paper, we design a strategy for releasing and collecting residual energy for one-dimensional linear topology networks. By listening to the broadcast messages and evaluating residual energy of forward nodes, nodes can dynamically update the residual energy information of all potential forwarders. The collection error is also analysed theoretically. This method can be applied to opportunistic routing and relay node selection algorithms. The simulation results show that our proposed method has very low collection error, and the error will not accumulate with the operation of the network.