基于老年综合评估的老年大关节内假体围手术期管理

Хуршед Камарович Хисомов, Вячеслав Судер-оолович Ондар, Хуршед Камарович Хисомов
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摘要

介绍。由于世界人口年龄结构的变化,预计未来接受大关节内假体手术的老年患者数量将会增加。与年龄相关的虚弱和现有的合并症给整个治疗团队带来了问题。本研究的目的是确定在髋关节和膝关节内假体前后对老年和老年患者进行综合老年管理的有效性。材料和方法。对文献中有关大关节内假体在老年和老年骨性关节炎患者中的应用进行了分析。在电子数据库和图书馆中检索Web of Science, Conchrane library, PubMed, library,检索词:综合老年评估。结果和讨论。骨科骨性关节炎患者大关节内假体的发生率越来越高。麻醉和关节成形术在这组患者中是一个重要的问题,以及确保患者术后立即活动。为手术干预和术后管理制定个性化的患者准备计划,旨在预防与老年状态相关的短暂性认知功能障碍和其他并发症的发展,特别是跌倒,是治疗的必要组织要素。在老年患者大关节内假体围手术期的介绍中,全面的老年评估起着至关重要的作用。在术前阶段及时识别老年患者可以消除危险因素。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Perioperational management of elderly and senile patients based on a comprehensive geriatric assessment for endoprosthetics of large joint
Introduction. Due to the changing age structure of the world’s population, an increase in the number of geriatric patients undergoing endoprosthetics of large joints is to be expected in the future. Age-related frailty and existing comorbidities pose problems for the entire treatment team.The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of comprehensive geriatric management of elderly and senile patients before and after endoprosthetic of the hip and knee joints.Materials and methods. An analysis of publications on the use of comprehensive in endoprosthetic of large joints in elderly and senile patients with osteoarthritis was performed. Searched in the electronic databases and libraries Web of Science, Conchrane library, PubMed, eLibrary using the search words: comprehensive geriatric assessment.Results and discussion. There is an increasing incidence of large joints endoprosthetic in orthogeriatric patients with osteoarthritis. Anaesthesia and arthroplasty in this group of patients is an important issue, as well as ensuring immediate postoperative mobilization of the patient. An individualized patient preparation plan for surgical intervention and postoperative management, aimed at preventing the development of transient cognitive impairment and other complications associated with geriatric status, in particular falls, is a necessary organizational element of treatment.Conclusion. A comprehensive geriatric assessment plays a crucial role in the perioperative introduction of geriatric patients for endoprosthetic of large joints. Timely identification of geriatric patients during the preoperative phase eliminates risk factors.
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