Conclusion

The conclusion summarizes the findings of the work and expounds some implications of the extra Calvinisticum in the early modern period. The extra from the thought of Zwingli up to the Consensus Tigurinus is embedded in the debate over the nature of Christ’s eucharistic presence, but after the Consensus, especially motivated by Brenz’s doctrine of ubiquity, the controversy differentiates. The Lutheran and Reformed polemics shift more fully into a christological controversy, which has implications for sacramentology. The conclusion offers three case studies of the broader effects of the extra beyond christology and eucharistic presence: the influence of the extra on the nature of theological knowledge in Francis Junius, on the formation of eucharistic ritual practice in England (the Black Rubric) and Brandenburg (the fractio panis dispute), and on the emergence of confessional physics in early modern universities.