劳工移民法规的效率:评估的途径与方法

S. Popova, A. Yanik
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摘要

本文考虑了评估劳工移民法规效率的一些现代方法和方法。我们将移民政策的效率理解为监管机制的能力,以确保及时、有区别和有序地吸引理想的移民进入国家经济,使这种资源在解决当前社会经济发展问题方面带来最大利益,同时不威胁国家安全。研究来源:俄罗斯、欧盟国家、国际劳工组织在移民管理领域的一系列官方文件(战略、报告、评估程序结果、统计数据)和相关科学文献。在这项工作中使用了一般的科学方法和比较方法。国际文献中有两种截然不同的方法:“官僚主义”(基于项目管理原则,并与开发外部独立评估移民政策具体措施(项目)的程序有关)和“学术”(寻找共同的理论模型和通用方法,以便在单一的基础上比较不同国家的移民监管结果)。俄罗斯文献还确定了评估有效性的优先标准不同的两类:(1)评估移民政策对俄罗斯经济利益的充分性(考虑到区域劳动力市场的需求),(2)保障公共安全利益和加强俄罗斯多民族人民团结的能力。相互竞争的标准相结合可以更全面地了解移民政策的有效性,但该方法的实际实施仍然困难。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The efficiency of labor immigration regulations: approaches and methods of assessment
A number of modern approaches and methods for assessing the efficiency of labor immigration regulations are considered. The efficiency of immigration policy we understand as the ability of regulatory mechanisms to ensure timely, differentiated, and orderly attraction of desirable migrants to the country's economy in such a way that this resource brings maximum benefit in solving current problems of socio-economic development and does not threaten national security. Sources for research: an array of official documents of Russia, EU countries, the ILO in the field of migration regulation (strategies, reports, results of evaluation procedures, statistics), and relevant scientific literature. General scientific and comparative methods are used in the work.   Two polar approaches are distinguished in the international literature: "bureaucratic" (based on the principles of project management and associated with the development of procedures for external independent evaluation of specific measures (projects) of migration policy) and "academic" (search for common theoretical models and universal methods that allow on a single basis to compare the results of migration regulation in different countries). The Russian literature also identifies two clusters that differ in priority criteria for evaluating effectiveness: (1) assessment of the adequacy of migration policy to the economic interests of Russia (taking into account the demands of regional labor markets), (2) the ability to guarantee the interests of public safety and strengthening the unity of the multinational people of Russia. The combination of competing criteria can give a more comprehensive idea of the effectiveness of migration policy, but the practical implementation of the approach is still difficult.
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