Vishal Mevada, Urvisha Beladiya, H. Gandhi, A. Mangrola, Rajesh Patel
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引用次数: 3

摘要

嗜碱菌是一类能够在碱性(pH值约为8.5-11)环境中生存的极端微生物,在pH值为10时生长最佳。在如此高的pH值下,嗜酸性生物的正常细胞功能受到不利影响。在如此高的ph下,嗜碱菌成功地控制了DNA、质膜和细胞质酶功能的稳定性,以及其他不利的生理变化。NextGen测序技术的最新发展有助于在极端环境中识别不可培养的生物。近年来,从盐碱湖、海洋环境、盐碱沙漠、天然热喷口到天然水体均有报道了嗜碱菌的分布。虽然在1889年首次报道了亲碱试剂,但它们的酶和工业应用仍然使它们成为一个有趣的研究领域。本章介绍了嗜碱生物的环境分布、分类、生理、能量学、生存机制和产生的酶。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Alkalophiles
Alkalophiles are a class of extremophiles capable of survival in alkaline (pH roughly 8.5–11) environments, growing optimally around a pH of 10. At such high pH, the normal cellular functions are detrimentally affected for mesophilic organisms. The alkalophiles successfully manage stability of DNA, plasma membrane, and function of cytosolic enzymes, as well as other unfavorable physiological changes at such an elevated pH. A recent development in NextGen sequencing technology facilitates identifying uncultivable organisms amongst the extreme environments. In recent years, distribution of alkalophiles was reported from Soda Lake, marine environments, saline deserts, and natural thermal vents to natural water bodies. Although alkalophiles were first reported in 1889, their enzymatic and industrial applications still make them an interesting area of research. This chapter provides basic information on environmental distribution, taxonomy, physiology, bioenergetics, and survival mechanism and enzymes produced by alkalophilic organisms.
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