“它将有助于摧毁那些认为天主教徒不是忠实臣民的诽谤”:《麦克尔罗伊-雷伊传教会》和《美墨战争中爱国主义的极限》

R. Curran
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摘要

摘要:1846年5月,美国对墨西哥宣战后不久,詹姆斯·k·波尔克总统任命耶稣会士约翰·麦克尔罗伊和安东尼·雷伊为美国入侵部队的牧师。这一任命反映了波尔克的两个关注点:维持在正规军中占相当大比例的天主教徒的士气,并发出一个信号,即美国对一个天主教国家发动战争,并不是在进行一场反天主教的十字军东征。具有讽刺意味的是,正是美国新教机构将这些任命视为波尔克与教皇密谋破坏美利坚共和国的信号,而麦克尔罗伊和雷伊则认真地寻求履行他们对军队的职责,充当善意的代理人。麦克尔罗伊年事已高,不能骑马旅行,因此他的传教活动仅限于马塔莫罗斯的美军基地,而雷伊则陪同军队进入墨西哥内陆。这两位耶稣会士几乎垄断了美军的神职,他们帮助伤病员,在以新教为主的志愿者中促成了数十人的皈依。几个月后,麦克尔罗伊对他们是否有能力履行波尔克塑造公众舆论的职责产生了严重的怀疑,而更年轻的雷伊则保持着一种被证明是致命的乐观。最后,麦克尔罗伊-雷伊任务的结果喜忧参半。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
"It will serve to destroy those calumnies that Catholics are not faithful subjects": The McElroy-Rey Mission and the Limits of Patriotism in the Mexican-American War
Abstract:Shortly after declaring war against Mexico in May of 1846, President James K. Polk appointed Jesuits John McElroy and Anthony Rey as chaplains for the U.S. invasion force. This appointment reflected two concerns of Polk: maintaining the morale of the Catholics who constituted a sizable portion of the regular army, and sending a signal that, in waging war against a Catholic country, the U.S. was not conducting an anti-Catholic crusade. Ironically, it was the U.S. Protestant establishment that viewed the appointments as a signal of Polk's collaboration in a papist conspiracy to undermine the American Republic, while McElroy and Rey conscientiously sought to exercise their ministry to the troops and serve as agents of good will. McElroy's age and inability to travel on horseback confined his ministry to the American base at Matamoros, while Rey accompanied the army as it made its way into Mexico's interior. With a virtual monopoly on ministry within the American forces, the two Jesuits assisted the ill and wounded, leading to scores of conversions among the largely Protestant volunteers. Within a few months, McElroy had serious doubts about their ability to fulfill Polk's charge of shaping public opinion, while the more youthful Rey retained an optimism that proved lethal. In the end, the McElroy-Rey mission had mixed results.
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