Detection limit of a Sagnac interferometer

In this work an implementation of angular sensor movements is made based on the Sagnac effect, made it in volume optics, using a detection method of the interference lines and its amplified pattern. The new devices of sensing through optical systems, have given a new vision of measurement and instrumentation, guiding to new studies on designs and prototypes of themselves. An example of these developments is the advance in devices of sensing in fiber optic, such is the fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) which is based on the Sagnac effect. This device has a great sensitivity because the area enclosed by the interferometric ring, is through a fiber optic coil, which increases the sensitivity and diminishes the size of the device. It is possible to indicate that in previous years, with the technology then existing, the utility to use the Sagnac effect like a gyroscope was very limited, because it was just employed to measure angular movements of great magnitudes and with very big areas, since there was not the optical detection systems of the great sensitivity that now exist or coherent sources with high power, indispensable elements in the implementation of the system. For that reasons, the application of this effect began to grow with the development of the fiber optic, and was possible diminish the size and increase the area of the device. Thus the Sagnac effect in volume optics was relegated by the fiber optic interferometer. Nevertheless using the new electronic systems of amplification and optoelectronic devices that now exist, we have rescued the Sagnac effect in volume optics to make measurements of angular velocities in an interferometric system of 0.25m2. For this work, was necessary to create a detection system of great quality, this was made using a detection method of the interference lines and amplification of the interferometric pattern.