Die Expansion der deutschen Großbanken nach Österreich und in die Tschechoslowakei 1938/39

Abstract In order to integrate the (in part) highly industrialized Austrian and Bohemian economies into the German autarky and war economy it was very important for the German government to take control of all relevant Austrian and Bohemian industrial concerns, that is, big industry in these countries had tobe “Aryanized” and/or “Germanized”. At the time of invasion, many of the major Austrian and Bohemian companies were under the control of Austrian and Czechoslovakian banks respectively. Therefore, the realignment of the finance industry of the occupied territories became a precondition for the intended takeover of these industrial concerns. Simultaneously, it offered the German great banks excellent prospects for expansion. On the other hand, the deep economic crisis of the early 1930s had not yet been overcome in both countries and the German great banks faced substantial risks when they took over the more important native banks. Therefore, the strategies by which the great banks penetrated the Austrian and Bohemian markets differed substantially. This article explains the logic behind the respective strategies of Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank and Commerzbank as well as the intensions of the German authorities and assesses the relative success of the respective strategies.