Volterra-fuzzy B-spline algorithm for 3D coastal bathymetry reconstruction

This paper presents a new approach for three-dimensional (3D) coastal bathymetry reconstruction using TOPSAR multi-polarized data without needing to include any sounding data values. In doing so, two three-dimensional surface models, the Volterra model and a fuzzy B-Spline model, which construct a global topological structure between the data points, were used to support an approximation to the real surface. The statistical differences between real bathymetry map, CVV band and LHH band showed that the best reconstruction of coastal bathymetry was obtained with polarised L with 10 m spatial resolution of TOPSAR data, bias of − 0.04 and the standard error mean of 0.05 m in depth determination was obtained with LHH band.