Validity of ray tracing in modeling ground probing radar for detecting groundwater in the desert

it works from the frequency of 10 MHz to 30 MHz. The depth of the banks of the valley is at 50 m and the images span a width of 150 m. Abstract-Ray tracing technique i s used to simulate detection of groundwater in the desert. A geological structure known a5 the buried valley aquifer is taken as an example. Ray tracing is simple and its application may make oversight of some intricacies that could exist in the subterranean structures. The examined effects are abrupt junction approximation of the interface between the top dry soil and the saturated zone, and the validity of neglecting nearfields of the antenna. This is done after the importance of groundwater to desert communities had been emphasized.