Nonlinear MPC-based energy management strategy for HEVs with consideration of vehicle parameter variation

In this paper, a nonlinear multi-input MPC strategy for energy management of parallel HEVs is investigated. In order to properly implement the MPC algorithm, the time-varying parameter in the vehicle dynamics is considered by combining an online identification strategy. Simulation testings over an urban driving cycle confirm the significant influence of the variation in the vehicle parameter to the solution of the proposed real-time optimal control problem.