网络中的网络方法创建可扩展的高基数路由器微体系结构

Jung Ho Ahn, Sungwoo Choo, John Kim
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引用次数: 23

摘要

经济高效的网络对于创建可扩展的大型系统(包括超级计算机和数据中心中的系统)至关重要。高基数路由器通过减小网络直径来降低网络成本,同时提供高对分带宽和路径分集。然而,随着端口数量的增加,高基数路由器微体系结构需要有效地扩展。提出了一种分层交叉杆结构,将单个大交叉杆划分为多个小交叉杆,克服了传统开关微结构的局限性。尽管该组织提供了高性能,但由于电线和中间缓冲区的功率和面积开销,其可伸缩性受到限制。我们提出了可替代的可扩展路由器微架构,利用高基数路由器本身的交换机设计中的网络。这些设计降低了布线复杂性和缓冲要求。例如,在基数为64的路由器上使用折叠clos开关代替分层交叉开关时,它在面积、能量延迟积和能量延迟-面积积上分别减少了73%、58%和87%。我们还通过利用全球网络的流量模式特征及其对交换机内本地网络设计的影响来探索更有效的交换机设计。特别是,我们提出了一种双边蝶形开关组织,与拓扑无关的折叠clos开关相比,它具有更少的横杆和一半的全局导线数量,同时实现更好的低负载延迟和等效饱和吞吐量。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Network within a network approach to create a scalable high-radix router microarchitecture
Cost-efficient networks are critical in creating scalable large-scale systems, including those found in supercomputers and datacenters. High-radix routers reduce network cost by lowering the network diameter while providing a high bisection bandwidth and path diversity. However, as the port count increases, the high-radix router microarchitecture needs to scale efficiently. Hierarchical crossbar organization has been proposed where a single large crossbar is partitioned into many small crossbars and overcomes the limitations of conventional switch microarchitecture. Although the organization provides high performance, its scalability is limited due to power and area overheads by the wires and intermediate buffers. We propose alternative scalable router microarchitectures that leverage a network within the switch design of the high-radix routers themselves. These designs lower the wiring complexity and buffer requirements. For example, when a folded-Clos switch is used instead of the hierarchical crossbar switch for a radix-64 router, it provides up to 73%, 58%, and 87% reduction in area, energy-delay product, and energy-delay-area product, respectively. We also explore more efficient switch designs by exploiting the traffic-pattern characteristics of the global network and its impact on the local network design within the switch. In particular, we propose a bilateral butterfly switch organization that has fewer crossbars and half the number of global wires compared to the topology-agnostic folded-Clos switch while achieving better low-load latency and equivalent saturation throughput.
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