Review on architectures of aquaponic systems based on the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence: Comparative study.

The aquaponics system is an agricultural production technique that combines aquaculture with hydroponics and reduces the environmental impact by reducing the need for water and nutrients. New technologies such as the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence can be an efficient and reliable application for this purpose. They can help to implement this system in urban areas and to produce organic food. The main objective of this article is to present a comparative study between different existing aquaponic architectures according to different factors such as Security, Interoperability, Renewable energy usability, Cost, and so one, and various technologies used based on Internet of Things and artificial intelligence approaches such as sensors, actuators, gateway, communication technology, storage system, user interface etc., as well as the advantages and limitations of each proposed solution. This paper is an opening towards a new contribution that will be based on an interoperable, secure, scalable, low-cost, fully self-powered, flexible, reliable, intelligent and generic IoT architecture that meets the requirements of aquaponics. This new contribution will also make it possible to optimize the critical parameters in aquaponics, namely water quality, pH, air temperature, humidity, CO2, etc., and predict the state of the system's health to improve its productivity, thanks to artificial intelligence.