Simulation of interventional neuroradiology procedures

We describe the design and development of a computer environment for planning interventional neuroradiology procedures. The Neuroradiology Catheterization Simulator called NeuroCath is intended for interventional procedures involving vascular malformations, such as aneurysms, stenosis, and AVMs. NeuroCath include extraction and construction of a vascular model from different imaging modalities that represents the anatomy of patient in a computationally efficient manner, and a FEM-based physical model that simulates the behavior between the devices and cerebral vasculature. This model comprises topology, geometry (normal and pathological), and physical properties of the patient-specific vasculature. It also provides a reliable measurement of distance and volume allowing calculation of the size of vessels and aneurysms. A realistic visual interface with multiple, synchronized windows is developed. The visual interface comprises of fluoroscopic display that duplicates the views to be seen in actual intentional procedures, and other displays that enhance interpretation of the anatomy of the patient. The hybrid volume and surface renderer provides insight into inferior and exterior of patient's vasculature. NeuroCath is also provided with the haptic apparatus that gives the interventional neuroradiologist the sense of touch during intervention planning and training.