{"title":"R-1233zd与HFE-7000泵送两相冷却系统冷凝器性能比较","authors":"A. Pegallapati, N. Karwa","doi":"10.1109/iTherm54085.2022.9899594","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The increasing heat flux from chips and high server- and rack-level heat densities in high-performance computing infrastructure have resulted in an increased interest in pumped two-phase cooling. It has been demonstrated that pumped two-phase cooling using dielectric fluorinated fluids in cold plates significantly reduces case temperature and improves case temperature uniformity over single-phase water cooling. Karwa and Yana Motta [1] compared the performance of low-pressure dielectric heat transfer fluids with system pressure less than 60 psi in microchannel cold plates and showed that R-1233zd(E) (normal boiling point: 18.26 °C) provided improved performance over HFE-7000 (normal boiling point: 34.2 °C). The present study extends their work and presents results of experimental and theoretical evaluation of condenser performance in pumped two-phase cooling systems. Tube-fin type air-cooled condensers were simulated using a detailed tube-by-tube model in Genesym™, and the performance of brazed plate water-cooled condensers was determined experimentally. The performance of air-cooled and water-cooled condensers for low-pressure heat transfer fluids R-1233zd(E) and HFE-7000 were compared. It is demonstrated that, for the same performance, R-1233zd(E) requires almost 35% smaller air-cooled condenser as compared to HFE-7000 and the fluid charge in the system can be reduced by 65%. It has been shown that dielectric fluid side heat transfer coefficient is the controlling heat transfer coefficient in brazed plate water-cooled condenser, and up to 20% higher dielectric fluid heat transfer coefficient was achieved for R-1233zd than HFE-7000 in brazed plate condensers. This study shows that R-1233zd(E) is a feasible low-pressure heat transfer fluid option for both air- and water-cooled pumped two-phase cooling systems.","PeriodicalId":351706,"journal":{"name":"2022 21st IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (iTherm)","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Comparison of R-1233zd and HFE-7000 Condenser Performance in Pumped Two-Phase Cooling Systems\",\"authors\":\"A. Pegallapati, N. Karwa\",\"doi\":\"10.1109/iTherm54085.2022.9899594\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"The increasing heat flux from chips and high server- and rack-level heat densities in high-performance computing infrastructure have resulted in an increased interest in pumped two-phase cooling. It has been demonstrated that pumped two-phase cooling using dielectric fluorinated fluids in cold plates significantly reduces case temperature and improves case temperature uniformity over single-phase water cooling. Karwa and Yana Motta [1] compared the performance of low-pressure dielectric heat transfer fluids with system pressure less than 60 psi in microchannel cold plates and showed that R-1233zd(E) (normal boiling point: 18.26 °C) provided improved performance over HFE-7000 (normal boiling point: 34.2 °C). The present study extends their work and presents results of experimental and theoretical evaluation of condenser performance in pumped two-phase cooling systems. Tube-fin type air-cooled condensers were simulated using a detailed tube-by-tube model in Genesym™, and the performance of brazed plate water-cooled condensers was determined experimentally. The performance of air-cooled and water-cooled condensers for low-pressure heat transfer fluids R-1233zd(E) and HFE-7000 were compared. It is demonstrated that, for the same performance, R-1233zd(E) requires almost 35% smaller air-cooled condenser as compared to HFE-7000 and the fluid charge in the system can be reduced by 65%. It has been shown that dielectric fluid side heat transfer coefficient is the controlling heat transfer coefficient in brazed plate water-cooled condenser, and up to 20% higher dielectric fluid heat transfer coefficient was achieved for R-1233zd than HFE-7000 in brazed plate condensers. This study shows that R-1233zd(E) is a feasible low-pressure heat transfer fluid option for both air- and water-cooled pumped two-phase cooling systems.\",\"PeriodicalId\":351706,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"2022 21st IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (iTherm)\",\"volume\":\"79 1\",\"pages\":\"0\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2022-05-31\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"2022 21st IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (iTherm)\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1109/iTherm54085.2022.9899594\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"2022 21st IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (iTherm)","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iTherm54085.2022.9899594","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
Comparison of R-1233zd and HFE-7000 Condenser Performance in Pumped Two-Phase Cooling Systems
The increasing heat flux from chips and high server- and rack-level heat densities in high-performance computing infrastructure have resulted in an increased interest in pumped two-phase cooling. It has been demonstrated that pumped two-phase cooling using dielectric fluorinated fluids in cold plates significantly reduces case temperature and improves case temperature uniformity over single-phase water cooling. Karwa and Yana Motta [1] compared the performance of low-pressure dielectric heat transfer fluids with system pressure less than 60 psi in microchannel cold plates and showed that R-1233zd(E) (normal boiling point: 18.26 °C) provided improved performance over HFE-7000 (normal boiling point: 34.2 °C). The present study extends their work and presents results of experimental and theoretical evaluation of condenser performance in pumped two-phase cooling systems. Tube-fin type air-cooled condensers were simulated using a detailed tube-by-tube model in Genesym™, and the performance of brazed plate water-cooled condensers was determined experimentally. The performance of air-cooled and water-cooled condensers for low-pressure heat transfer fluids R-1233zd(E) and HFE-7000 were compared. It is demonstrated that, for the same performance, R-1233zd(E) requires almost 35% smaller air-cooled condenser as compared to HFE-7000 and the fluid charge in the system can be reduced by 65%. It has been shown that dielectric fluid side heat transfer coefficient is the controlling heat transfer coefficient in brazed plate water-cooled condenser, and up to 20% higher dielectric fluid heat transfer coefficient was achieved for R-1233zd than HFE-7000 in brazed plate condensers. This study shows that R-1233zd(E) is a feasible low-pressure heat transfer fluid option for both air- and water-cooled pumped two-phase cooling systems.