奎因和物种问题

M. Richard
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本章和后续章节的目标是让读者相信,在物种、进化枝和种群谱系等生物实体与语言和语义实体(如单词、含义、概念和语言)之间存在着重要的类比。本章的第一部分回顾了关于语言群体和使用者的一些显而易见的事实,以及关于生物学思考物种的方式的一些基本事实,并指出确实存在一个初步的情况,即认为像词义这样的事情类似于物种。本章后面的部分认为,如果我们从表面上看这个类比,我们可以接受奎因在“经验主义的两个教条”中的结论——在仍然认为意义概念可以承载真正的理论负荷的情况下,没有分析真理的理论有趣的概念,没有可以做认识论工作的同义词。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Quine and the Species Problem
The goal of this and subsequent chapters is to convince the reader that there is a significant analogy between biological entities like species, clades, and population lineages and linguistic and semantic ones such as words, meanings, concepts, and languages. This chapter’s first sections review some obvious facts about language communities and speakers and some elementary facts about the ways biology thinks about species, and points out that there is indeed a prima facie case for thinking that things like word meanings are analogous to species. The chapter’s later sections argue that if we take the analogy at face value, we can embrace Quine’s conclusion in ‘Two Dogmas of Empiricism’—that there is no theoretically interesting notion of analytic truth, no sort of synonymy that can do epistemological work—while still thinking that the notion of meaning can carry a real theoretical load.
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