Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Neuropsychiatry is an area of medicine that deals with behavioural issues caused by brain dysfunction. It is found at the intersection of neurology and psychiatry. Individuals with congenital and genetic diseases are more likely to experience neuropsychiatric symptoms (particularly mental retardation), which can lead to considerable disability and a lower quality of life. Developmental delay, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), and cognitive dysfunction are the most common symptoms of neuropsychiatric illnesses. Many intellectual developmental abnormalities are caused by complex genetic components (such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), pregnancy or birth complications, or environmental variables, among other things. Patients with congenital and genetic diseases with neuropsychiatric indications benefit from a multidisciplinary approach to management. Interdepartmental liaisoning may be advantageous in the absence of a multidisciplinary team.