印度天体地质学和天体生物学研究的前景:以拉达克为例

B. Phartiyal, Jonathan D.A. Clarke, Siddharth Pandey
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引用次数: 1

摘要

印度跨喜马拉雅地区的拉达克地区与火星非常相似。这是一个干燥、寒冷、干旱的沙漠,有大量的岩石地面,有沙尘暴,松散的岩石覆盖着山坡,分离的地面冰/永久冻土,岩石冰川,沙丘,排水网络,灾难性的洪水序列,使其地貌与早期的火星相似。拉达克火山岩(玄武岩)的地球化学保真度;蛇纹岩,盐湖,活跃的和化石热液系统的存在,可以为火星地面的过程和化学提供线索。就外太空生物保真度而言,我们有永久冻土(过去存在水的证据),紫外线和宇宙辐射通量增加,大气压力降低,温泉(有些富含硼)。因此,拉达克的环境,以冰冻的温度、有限的降水、开放的河流和湖泊、相对较低的大气压、温泉和相对较高的紫外线通量为特征,与火星上的诺亚亚时代类似。拉达克无疑是地理学家、地质学家的乐土,近年来,它的月球/火星景观也吸引了天体地质学家和天体生物学家;沉积岩、变质岩和火成岩类型的暴露;冰川,河流湖泊沉积物和活跃的气候和构造过程。这篇文章展示了火星模拟研究的许多机会,提到了拉达克的沉积沉积物,并以印度河沿岸的各种沉积物为例,探索了未来天文工作地点的可能性——无论是冰川、河流、湖泊和风成沉积物雕刻的地貌,还是研究沉积过程、超咸水湖、永冻层和温泉来研究极端微生物或百万年的岩石位置来研究地球化学成分。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Prospects of Astrogeology and Astrobiology researches in India: Ladakh as an example
Ladakh sector of the Trans–Himalayan region in India shows a strong fidelity as an analogue of Mars. It is dry, cold arid desert, has abundant rocky ground with dust devils, loose rock blanketing the mountain slopes, segregated ground ice/permafrost, rock glaciers, sand dunes, drainage networks, catastrophic flooding sequences, making it geomorphologically similar as an early Mars analogue. Even for the geochemical fidelity in Ladakh volcanic rocks (basalt); serpentinites, saline lakes, active and fossil hydrothermal systems exist which can give a clue to the processes and chemistry of the Martian grounds. As far as exobiological fidelity is concerned we have permafrost (evidence of water in the past), increased UV and cosmic radiation flux, reduced atmospheric pressure, hot springs (some rich in boron). Hence, Ladakh environment, characters by freezing temperatures, limited precipitation, open water in rivers and lakes, comparatively low atmospheric pressure, thermal springs, and relatively high ultraviolet flux, is an analogue for the Noachian epoch on Mars. Ladakh is surely a treat for geographers, geologists and in recent years also for the astrogeologist’s and astrobiologist’s as well, with its lunar/martian landscapes; exposures of sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rock types; glacial, fluvial lacustrine sediments and active climatic and tectonic processes. This article demonstrated the many opportunities for Mars analogue research, mentioning the sedimentary deposits of Ladakh with examples from the variety of sediment exposures along the Indus River and explores possibilities for the future astro work sites–be it the landforms carved from the glacial, fluvial, lacustrine and aeolian deposits to study the sedimentary processes, the hyper saline lakes, the permafrost and the hot springs to study the extremophiles or the million year emplacements of the rocks to study the geochemical constituents.
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