支付法学院:法学院学生贷款负债和职业选择

Cj Ryan
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引用次数: 0

摘要

学生贷款债务已经达到危机水平,今年超过1.64万亿美元,超过信用卡债务,成为美国人持有的第二大债务来源。在讨论学生贷款债务时,人们很容易把注意力集中在这些债务对纳税人、经济和借款人造成的总体影响上,比如学生贷款债务对婚姻、住房所有权和创业造成的抑郁影响。然而,关于哪些毕业生背负着最大的学生贷款,以及他们的债务负担如何影响他们的职业选择,这些讨论往往没有出现在有关学生债务的讨论中,而且迄今为止还没有得到充分的研究。本文通过调查在四所法学院进行的一项原始调查的回应,对学生贷款债务及其潜在的负面外部性进行了探讨,揭示了有关法学院学生预期债务负担、职业选择和参与公共服务贷款减免计划的意图的新发现。在这篇文章的第一部分,学生贷款危机更仔细地审查,特别强调其对法学院毕业生的突出。此外,本文的第一部分提供了可信的描述性证据,证明法学院的借贷率和金额对法学院学生的影响是不同的,这取决于他们的天赋特征,如种族和父母教育。接下来,第二部分探讨了公共服务贷款减免计划,描述了该计划的创建和实施,以及评估其有效性和管理的直接和间接成本。第三部分在学生贷款危机的背景下讨论了法律学院中两个普遍存在的具有重大社会影响的问题——诉诸司法的差距和公共利益的漂移——以及公共服务贷款减免计划在解决这些问题时可能提供的答案。第四部分描述了从原始调查中收集的数据,用于分析这些数据的方法,并报告和讨论了结果。第四部分的研究结果揭示了法律专业学生的先天和后天特质如何影响他们的职业意向,并提供了贷款债务与职业选择和参加公共服务贷款减免计划意向之间因果关系的证据。最后,本文的结论是,公共服务贷款减免计划提供了最好的选择,以解决由诉诸司法差距和公共利益漂移引起的问题,同时也抵消了法律教育中结构分层的负面影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Paying for Law School: Law Student Loan Indebtedness and Career Choices
Student loan debt has reached crisis levels, topping $1.64 trillion dollars this year and surpassing credit card debt to become the second largest source of debt held by Americans. When discussing student loan debt, it is easy to fixate on the aggregate impact of the burdens this debt places on taxpayers, the economy, and borrowers alike, such as the depressive effects that student loan debt has on marriage, homeownership, and entrepreneurship. Yet, a discussion of which graduates are saddled with the largest student loans and how their debt obligations impacts their career choices is often absent from conversations about student debt and has been understudied to date. This Article contributes to the discourse about student loan debt and its potentially negative externalities by investigating responses from an original survey administered at four law schools, revealing novel findings about law students’ expected debt loads, career choices, and intentions to participate in the Public Service Loan Forgiveness program. In Part I of this Article, the student loan crisis is more closely examined with particular emphasis on its salience for law school graduates. In addition, the first part of this Article provides credible descriptive evidence that rates and amounts of borrowing to attend law school impact law students differentially on the basis of their endowed characteristics, such as race and parental education. Next, Part II explores the Public Service Loan Forgiveness program, describing the program’s creation and implementation, in addition to evaluating its efficacy and the direct and indirect costs of its administration. Part III discusses two pervasive issues within the legal academy with significant social implications — the access-to-justice gap and the public-interest drift — against the backdrop of the student loan crisis and the possible answers that the Public Service Loan Forgiveness program could provide in addressing these issues. Part IV describes the data collected from the original survey, the methods used to analyze these data, and reports and discusses the results. The findings reported in Part IV offer insight into how a law student’s endowed and acquired traits influence their career intentions and provide evidence of the causal relationship between loan debt and career choice and intentions to enroll in the Public Service Loan Forgiveness program. Finally, this Article concludes by suggesting that the Public Service Loan Forgiveness program presents the best available option to address problems stemming from the access-to-justice gap and the public-interest drift, while also offsetting the negative effects of structural stratification in legal education.
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