Labour Migration from Ukraine to Poland: Current State and Further Perspectives

Throughout its history, Ukraine has been both a country of origin and transit or destination for migrants. Ukraine has always been actively involved in the migration processes of Europe and the world. Poland has always attracted Ukrainians because of its territorial proximity, minor language barrier and higher salaries. After 2014, Poland became the most popular destination among Ukrainian workers. The significant increase in the number of migrants from Ukraine is due not only to economic reasons but also to the military conflict in Eastern Ukraine which had an impact on the geography of migration flows, gender composition etc. At the same time, Poland experienced a shortage of workers amid successful economic development and record low unemployment. The situation connected with the spread of the virus, the pandemic, and the closure of borders have significantly affected the economic situation in the world, migration flows, migration policy etc. However, it is diffi cult to predict migration flows after the end of quarantine, but it is clear that the EU member states will primarily need seasonal workers from Eastern European countries (including Ukraine). As Poland will also need additional labour forces, it can be argued that it will consolidate its position as the leading destination for Ukrainian labour migrants.