不同性别举重运动员杠铃挺举技术的生物动力学研究

V. G. Oleshko, G. Korobeynikov, O. Shynkaruk, S. O. Putsov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究的目的是研究不同性别举重运动员挺举技术的生物动力学。材料和方法。本研究采用了以下方法:科学和方法论文献研究、网络资源、教学观察、比赛录像、杠铃运动结构的生物力学分析、数理统计方法。在过去十年中,超过90名优秀举重运动员参加了世界、欧洲和乌克兰锦标赛的竞技活动。结果和讨论。对杠铃挺举技术生物动力学特性的分析表明,不同性别、不同重量类别的举重运动员与杠铃相互作用力的个体值存在一定的差异,有的随着运动员体重的增加而增加,有的随着运动员体重的增加而减少,有的则保持不变。女性举重运动员杠铃挺举的生物动力学特征在与杠铃相互作用的力量方面与男性举重运动员相似的力量特征有显著差异。在预加速和过渡阶段、过渡阶段(挺举)、主动制动和驱动阶段(女子挺举)的极限时刻,运动员与杠铃的相互作用力的大小随运动员体重类别的增加而同时减小。在男子运动员的所有重量级别中,杠铃在挺举接球阶段的受力水平并没有变化。通过对不同性别举重运动员清洁动作的生物动力学成分的比较分析,发现他们在与杠铃相互作用的力的表现水平上存在显著差异。同时,女运动员与杠铃的相互作用水平高于男运动员。这一结论要求教练员在培养不同性别、不同重量类别的运动员竞技动作技术的生物动力学特征的过程中,以及在提高运动动作技术的过程中,都要考虑到这些特点。通过分析不同性别运动员在挺举阶段与杠铃相互作用的力的特点,可以发现女性举重运动员在挺举的某些阶段对杠铃施加的最大力要高于男性运动员,而在其他阶段,尽管她们举起的杠铃重量要小得多,但其施加的最大力却要低于男性运动员。结论。举杠铃技术的大部分生物动力成分在女性中明显高于男性。在举重1-3组运动员中,举重技术的大部分生物动力成分在与杠铃相互作用的力的大小上有显著差异,包括取决于举重运动员的性别
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Biodynamics of the Technique of Barbell Jerk in Weightlifters of Different Sexes
The purpose of the study was to examine the biodynamics of the clean and jerk technique of the different gender athletes in weightlifting. Materials and methods. The following methods were used in the study: the study of scientific and methodological literature, Internet resources, pedagogical observations, video recordings of competitions, biomechanical analysis of the structure of the movement of the barbell, methods of mathematical statistics. More than 90 elite weightlifters participated in the research, in the conditions of competitive activity at the World, European and Ukrainian championships during the last ten years. Results and discussion. The analysis of the biodynamic characteristics of the barbell clean and jerk technique shows that the individual values of the force of interaction of athletes with the barbell in weightlifters of different genders and groups of weight categories have some differences: some of them increase with an increase in the body weight of athletes, others decrease, and some do not change, respectively. The biodynamic characteristics of the barbell clean and jerk in female weightlifters in terms of the force of interaction with the barbell have significant differences from the similar strength characteristics of male weightlifters. Tendencies were established to decrease simultaneously with the increase in weight categories of athletes in the magnitude of the force of interaction of athletes with the barbell at the limit moment between the phases of pre-acceleration and the transition phase, in the transition phase (in clean), in the phase of active braking and drive (in women in jerk). The level of force applied to the barbell in the phase of the catch in jerk does not change in all weight category groups of male athletes. A comparative analysis of the biodynamic components of the technique of performing the clean in the different gender weightlifters shows that they have significant differences in the level of manifestation of the force of interaction with the barbell. At the same time, female athletes have higher level of interaction with the barbell than male. Such a conclusion requires coaches to take into account these features during the development of biodynamic characteristics of the technique of performing competitive exercises by athletes of different genders and groups of weight categories, as well as during the process of improving the technique of motor actions. The analysis of the characteristics of the force of interaction with the barbell of different gender athletes in the jerk phases shows that female weightlifters in some phases of the movement apply a higher level of maximum force to the barbell than male athletes, and in others, its level of force is lower, despite of the fact that they lift a barbell of much less weight. Conclusion. Most of the biodynamic components of the technique of lifting the barbell in jerk are significantly higher in women than in men. The vast majority of biodynamic components of the jerk technique among athletes of groups 1-3 of weight categories have significant differences in the magnitude of the force of interaction with the barbell, including depending on the weightlifter’s gender
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