Measuring Embedded Human-Like Biases in Face Recognition Models

: Recent works in machine learning have focused on understanding and mitigating bias in data and algorithms. Because the pre-trained models are trained on large real-world data, they are known to learn implicit biases in a way that humans unconsciously constructed for a long time. However, there has been little discussion about social biases with pre-trained face recognition models. Thus, this study investigates the robustness of the models against racial, gender, age, and an intersectional bias. We also present the racial bias with a different ethnicity other than white and black: Asian. In detail, we introduce the Face Embedding Association Test (FEAT) to measure the social biases in image vectors of faces with different race, gender, and age. It measures social bias in the face recognition models under the hypothesis that a specific group is more likely to be associated with a particular attribute in a biased manner. The presence of these biases within DeepFace, DeepID, VGGFace, FaceNet, OpenFace, and ArcFace critically mitigate the fairness in our society.