面部表情对时间感知的唤起和注意效应:系统综述

F. Nuyens, D. Kuss, M. Griffiths, O. Lopez-Fernandez
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引用次数: 0

摘要

虽然时间感知主要通过前瞻性范式进行探索,但似乎情绪刺激通过唤醒效应或注意效应导致对时间的高估。在情绪刺激中,情绪表达因其社会重要性而受到关注。本研究旨在系统回顾有关情绪表达对时间知觉干扰的研究。对13篇同行评议的论文进行了系统的文献综述,并采用实证设计,对健康参与者进行了时间感知和情绪表达的研究。此外,这些论文必须是用英语写的,并且日期至少在1964年(即遵循1963年特雷斯曼的时间感知模型)。研究结果显示,当参与者看到情绪激动的面孔时,尤其是当他们表达愤怒时,他们会出现一致的高估。这种相互作用是由所使用的刺激的动态(即,如果表情是动画的,效果会更强)、模型凝视和方向(即,当面部远离参与者时,效果会失效)、体现效应(即,当参与者无法模仿表情时,效果会失效)和参与者年龄(即,在老年参与者中,积极表情的效果会更强)介导的。总之,有两种潜在的机制可以解释在面对情绪表达时观察到的高估——注意和唤醒。虽然这两种机制似乎是独立的,但对刺激动力的研究表明,这两种机制可能是共同作用的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The arousing and attentional effects of facial expressions on time perception: A systematic review
Although time perception has mainly been explored through the prospective paradigm, it appears that emotional stimuli lead to an overestimation of time either through an arousing or an attentional effect. Amongst the emotional stimuli, emotional expressions are of inlerest due to their social importance. The purpose of this paper was to systematically review research carried out into emotional expression interference on time perception. A systematic literature review of 13 peer-reviewed papers with an empirical design that tested healthy participants was conducted on studies exploring both time perception and emotional expression. Furthermore, the papers were only included if they were written in English language and dated from at least the year 1964 (i.e. following Treisman’s model of time perception in 1963). Findings showed a congruent overestimation when participants were exposed to emotional faces, especially when they expressed anger. This interaction was mediated by the dynamism of the stimuli used (i.e. there was a stronger effect if the expressions were animated), the model gaze and direction (i.e. nullified effect when the face was directed away from the participant), the embodiment effect (i.e. nullified effect when participants could not mimic the expression), and participant age (i.e. stronger effect of positive expressions amongst elderly participants). In conclusion, it emerged that two underlying mechanisms explain the overestimation observed when confronted with emotional expressions – attention and arousal. Although these two mechanisms appear to impair time perception independently, the studies on the stimuli dynamism indicated a potential conjoint effect of these mechanisms.
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