Reviews: The Impacts of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Renewable Energy Resources (REs) on The Distribution Power Network

The conventional Medium voltage (MV) and Low Voltage (LV) distribution power network had the power flow in one direction, which flows from the power plant (calls central generating) downward to the consumer. However, this power flow direction is starting to change, and hence it is becoming the Bi-directional. Because the accommodating of Renewable Energy resources (REs) such as wind turbine, Photovoltaic (PV) and Electric Vehicles (EVs) etc. In addition, the uses of power electronic devices such as converter (stabilises the use of voltage), inverter (inverses between AC-DC or DC-AC) and charger (supports EVs) are also dramatically increasing, and thus it is also effected the Power Quality (PQ) on the distribution network as same as the power flow. According to the impacts of the REs and EVs, the distribution network must face the challenge. The demand of electricity such as the consumers' behavior, types of REs, charging/un-charging EVs is necessary to investigate. This investigation will be more complicated as the variations in demand profiles. These large data in the network can be called the ‘Big data' of the power network. The ‘Big data' can increase the development in the monitoring and controlling systems of the network, and hence it is allowed the network to become smart network. The distribution network must have the ability and capability to accommodate the REs and EVs. Therefore, the standards and regulations of REs and EVs connection, standards and regulations of Feed-In-Tariffs (FIT), the revision of Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) between provider and consumer, smart meters, smart On-Load Tap Changer Transformer (OLTC), smart EVs Car Park, Smart Energy Storage, smart Artificial Intelligent (AI) to manage Big Data, etc. are necessary required to study.