半干旱的尼日利亚农村家庭易受缺水影响的环境决定因素

Mohammed Baba-Adamu, I. A. Jajere
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摘要

虽然水资源是实现改善生活条件和可持续发展的重要自然资源,但人类对水的消费需求仍然供不应求。这在尼日利亚半干旱地区的农村社区尤其如此,那里的大多数水源没有得到改善,其供应量低于需求,导致缺水。该研究从环境角度评估了尼日利亚农村家庭对缺水的易感性。本研究采用多阶段抽样,数据来源采用混合方法,数据分析采用基本的描述性和推断性统计工具。研究结果表明,大家族制度仍在继续,其特点是识字率低,收入水平低,使用公共厕所,以及在灌木丛和露天场所排便。研究还表明,正如Pearson相关性所揭示的那样,十分之九的家庭容易受到缺水复杂条件的影响,尤其是Kerri-Kerri地层和Fika页岩的家庭。相关变量的线性回归模型经统计证明占了水危机的60%以上。然而,家庭对缺水的适应策略是传统的,对该地区的缺水条件问题非常无效。这表明环境变异性既影响水的可得性,也影响对缺水的脆弱性。因此,该研究建议,除了升级和维护现有的供水设施外,还应将自然环境条件纳入农村水政策的主流。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINANT OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS’ VULNERABILITY TO WATER SCARCITY IN SEMI-ARID NIGERIA
Though water resource is an important natural endowment for the attainment of improved living conditions and sustainable development, man’s consumptive demand for it continued to fall short of the supplies. This is especially in the rural communities of the semi-arid region of Nigeria, whose most water sources are unimproved and the supplies from which fall below the demand, resulting in water scarcity. The study assessed the environmental perspective of the rural households’ susceptibility to water scarcity in Nigeria. The study employed multistage sampling, the mixed-method approach of data sourcing, and the data were analyzed with the basic descriptive and inferential statistical tools. The study findings show the continued practice of extended family system, characterized with low literacy rate and weak income levels, use of shared latrines, as well as defecation in the bushes and open spaces. It also demonstrated nine-in-ten households are vulnerable to the complex conditions of water scarcity, especially those in Kerri-Kerri Formation and the Fika Shale, as the Pearson correlation of the conditions revealed. The linear regression model of the correlated variables statistically proved to have accounted for more than 60% of the water crisis. However, the households’ adaptation strategies to water scarcity were traditional and highly ineffective to the problem of water scarcity conditions of the area. This denotes that the environmental variability influences both water availability and vulnerability to scarcity. Therefore, the study recommends the mainstreaming of the physical environmental conditions into the rural water policy, in addition to upgrading and maintenance of the available water facilities.
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